Methodology Snapshot

Demand Module Methodology

ENERGY 2100 uses the same modeling approach and methodology across each of the residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors building up energy demand from the energy requirements within the energy system. Principles of consumer choice theory are applied to provide realistic simulation of consumer decisions, and principles from system dynamics are applied to track capital stock turnover.

Supply Module Methodology

The table below provides a summary of the methodologies across the various supply modules: electricity generation, oil and gas production, oil refinery production, biofuel production, hydrogen and ammonia production, coal production, and steam generation.

Supply Sector	Methodology Snapshot
Electricity generation	Electricity generation is simulated by dispatching individual generating units to meet system energy demand while minimizing system costs subject to capacity and transmission constraints.
Oil and gas production	The oil and gas production forecast can optionally 1) use an exogenously input forecast where a price response is built in; or 2) use endogenous routines to simulate oil and gas production of an aggregate set of oil and gas plays based on profitability criteria.
Oil refinery production	Refined petroleum production production, imports, and exports can optionally 1) be exogenously specified or 2) be endogenously determined based on a linear programming (LP) algorithm minimizing costs subject to capacity and transportation constraints.
Biofuel production	Biofuel (ethanol and biodiesel) production can be exogenously specified or endogenous. The market share of the types of production processes chosen is based on consumer choice logic.
Hydrogen and ammonia production	The Hydrogen Module produces both hydrogen and ammonia production for energy uses. Hydrogen production meets local hydrogen demand as well as hydrogen needed for feedstock to ammonia production. Ammonia production levels meet local ammonia demand plus international exports.
Coal production	Coal production is assumed to meet demand for coal plus exports minus imports.
Steam generation	Most steam generation is simulated inside the demand sector which utilizes the steam. Steam generated is the steam purchased by other sectors.