ENERGY 2100 User Manual

User Manual

Welcome to the ENERGY 2100 User Manual, March 2026 version.

Please read the release notes to see what's new since the last version.

Introduction

ENERGY 2100 (formerly ENERGY 2020) is an integrated, all-fuel, end-use, energy-and-emissions model that simulates the North American energy supply and demand market with capabilities to project through the year 2100 and beyond. The model is used to forecast annual energy and emissions as well as to perform energy and emissions-related policy analyses. Combining ENERGY 2100 with a macroeconomic model provides users with a fully integrated energy-emissions-economic analysis system.

Sections on this page consist of:

• Key Capabilities
• Model Scope
• Organization of this Document
• Model Version Information

Key Capabilities

ENERGY 2100 allows users to conduct energy and emissions forecasting and policy analysis, including:

• Forecast regional energy supply and demand
• Simulate electric utility capacity and generation
• Simulate oil and gas industry, refinery, hydrogen, and biofuels utilization and production
• Assess the impacts of policy or market scenarios

Model Scope

Organization of This Document

This User Manual will guide you whether you're just getting started with ENERGY 2100 or looking to expand your existing knowledge as a regular user:

• Introduction 
  Provides a brief introduction to ENERGY 2100, its purpose, key inputs and outputs, its software development system, and what's new this year.
• Getting Started 
  Describes the layout and key elements of the ENERGY 2100 interface to help you navigate efficiently. 
• Working in VS Code

Provides guidance for working with model files in VS code, including how to test a policy and view variables in the Julia REPL.

• Model Architecture
  Describes structures used to build the model. These structures include model files and folder structure, variables and sets, and global constants, functions, and macros defined for use in coding ENERGY 2100.
• Executing the Model
   Step-by-step tutorials that walk you through creating your first forecast. 
• Model Outputs

Describes the model outputs automatically generated, the format options, and how to extract outputs where pre-generated tables don't exist. 

• Julia Coding in ENERGY 2100

Provides coding conventions and standards as well as examples of Julia syntax most commonly used in ENERGY 2100.

• Incorporating Input Data

Provides a summary of the model's input data requirements as well as instructions on how to add new input data files to the model.

• Policy Analysis
  Provides list of types of policies and the policy variables to change when developing demand, supply, and emissions-related policy files. This section also includes detailed information on the standard structure of policy files and summarizes Julia syntax most commonly used in policy files. 
• Macroeconomic Module

Describes the linkage between ENERGY 2100 and Oxford Economics' TOM macroeconomic model.

• Modifying Model Assumptions

Provides descriptions of how and where model assumptions are entered into the model and how to make changes to those assumptions.

• Calibration

Identifies calibration methods within each sector and user options for projecting calibration variables into the future.

• Setting Model Switches

Identifies model switches used to turn on or off specific equations and portions of the model code.

• User Interface Guide

Provides a walk-through of how to view model outputs through the HDF5 Explorer Pro interface.

• Troubleshooting
  Provides answers to common solutions to issues you might encounter when using ENERGY 2100.
• Appendix

Contains detailed lists of policy file examples, a glossary of terms, and key model variables and sets defined to dimension model arrays.

Model Version Information